lesson·25 min·Chapter 1 of 3
The Scaling Problem
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Upgrade to ProEthereum processes ~15 transactions per second. During high demand, gas fees can exceed $100 per transaction. The blockchain trilemma states you can only optimize two of three: decentralization, security, and scalability. Layer 2 solutions scale Ethereum by processing transactions off the main chain (L1) while inheriting its security guarantees. The L2 ecosystem has grown rapidly: by 2025, L2s process more transactions than Ethereum mainnet. Major L2s include Arbitrum, Optimism, Base, zkSync, and Starknet.
💡 Key Takeaway
This lesson covers the fundamental concepts. Make sure you understand these before moving to the next chapter.